Are used by various cells, or have signaling function on various targets not linked one to the other. Probably the bitter sensing is just one of the functions performed by this cluster of genes, which could have a central role in the homeostasis of the organisms. Therefore their genetic variations can affect profoundly various traits, including longevity, in a way that we are just beginning to understand [89].Supporting InformationTable S1 Table S1 Shows the genes and SNPs selected inthe study, the 223488-57-1 custom synthesis Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) values observed for each SNP in the study, their position in the genome, in the gene, and the amino acidic change specified. (DOC)Table S2 Logistic regression analysis for taste SNPs inlong lived subjects. (DOCX)Table S3 Logistic 
regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R1 gene in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S4 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R3-T2R4-T2R5-genes in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S5 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of TAS2R16 gene in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S6 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R38 gene in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S7 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R40 gene in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S8 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R41 in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S9 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R7 -T2R9 genes in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S10 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R14-T2R50-T2R20 genes in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S11 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R19-T2R31-T2R46-T2R30 genes in long lived subjects. (DOCX)Taste Receptors SNPs and AgingAcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank Prof. Dennis Drayna for his precious help and support.Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: DC RB. Performed the experiments: MC PC CR DC. Analyzed the data: FDR AM. Wrote the paper: FC GR DC GP.
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are powerful tools to monitor cellular signals. Since the initial development of GFP as a research tool for biological discovery, laboratories have diversified FP Gracillin spectra through directed evolution, resulting in a plethora of probes across the visible spectrum [1]. These FPs have been used in the generation of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)based sensors to report dynamic biochemistry in living cells [2,3]. Because FRET efficiency is sensitive to distance and orientation between the donor and acceptor fluorophore, conformational changes due to binding of a ligand to a protein of interest can form the basis of FRET-based biosensors. The most commonly used donor and acceptor FPs are variants of cyan FP (CFP) and yellow FP (YFP) [3]. In recent years the development of alternate color FRET sensors has enabled new avenues of research such as the ability to monitor a single signal in multiple cellular compartments or simultaneously track two cellular signals [4]. For example, two complementary probes for caspase-3 activity based on mTFP1/ mCitrine and mAmetrine/tdTomato were used to visualize caspase-3 activity in the nucleus and cytoplasm, revealing temporal differences in caspase-3 activation [5]. The same FRET pairs were used to develop probes for monitoring both Ca2+ andcaspase-3 in the same cell [6]. Monomeric Teal FP (mTFP) is a FP version of the widely used CFP derived as a replacement for enhanced CFP because of its high quantum yield [7]. Such studies allow researchers.Are used by various cells, or have signaling function on various targets not linked one to the other. Probably the bitter sensing is just one of the functions performed by this cluster of genes, which could have a central role in the homeostasis of the organisms. Therefore their genetic variations can affect profoundly various traits, including longevity, in a way that we are just beginning to understand [89].Supporting InformationTable S1 Table S1 Shows the genes and SNPs selected inthe study, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) values observed for each SNP in the study, their position in the genome, in the gene, and the amino acidic change specified. (DOC)Table S2 Logistic regression analysis for taste SNPs inlong lived subjects. (DOCX)Table S3 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R1 gene in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S4 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R3-T2R4-T2R5-genes in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S5 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of TAS2R16 gene in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S6 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R38 gene in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S7 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R40 gene in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S8 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R41 in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S9 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R7 -T2R9 genes in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S10 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R14-T2R50-T2R20 genes in long lived subjects. (DOCX) Table S11 Logistic regression analysis for haplotypes of T2R19-T2R31-T2R46-T2R30 genes in long lived subjects. (DOCX)Taste Receptors 
SNPs and AgingAcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank Prof. Dennis Drayna for his precious help and support.Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: DC RB. Performed the experiments: MC PC CR DC. Analyzed the data: FDR AM. Wrote the paper: FC GR DC GP.
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are powerful tools to monitor cellular signals. Since the initial development of GFP as a research tool for biological discovery, laboratories have diversified FP spectra through directed evolution, resulting in a plethora of probes across the visible spectrum [1]. These FPs have been used in the generation of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)based sensors to report dynamic biochemistry in living cells [2,3]. Because FRET efficiency is sensitive to distance and orientation between the donor and acceptor fluorophore, conformational changes due to binding of a ligand to a protein of interest can form the basis of FRET-based biosensors. The most commonly used donor and acceptor FPs are variants of cyan FP (CFP) and yellow FP (YFP) [3]. In recent years the development of alternate color FRET sensors has enabled new avenues of research such as the ability to monitor a single signal in multiple cellular compartments or simultaneously track two cellular signals [4]. For example, two complementary probes for caspase-3 activity based on mTFP1/ mCitrine and mAmetrine/tdTomato were used to visualize caspase-3 activity in the nucleus and cytoplasm, revealing temporal differences in caspase-3 activation [5]. The same FRET pairs were used to develop probes for monitoring both Ca2+ andcaspase-3 in the same cell [6]. Monomeric Teal FP (mTFP) is a FP version of the widely used CFP derived as a replacement for enhanced CFP because of its high quantum yield [7]. Such studies allow researchers.
