Rent ligands attached to gold in the oxidation 1948-33-0 web states +1 or +3, that is gold (I) and gold (III) compounds [15,16]. Gold (I) complexes proved to be unsuitable for clinical practice due to accompanying cardiotoxicity [17,18], while studies on gold (III) complexes are comparatively scarce [8]. Gold (III) bears homology to cisplatin as it is isoelectronic with platinum (II) and tetracoordinate gold (III) complexes have the same square-planar geometries as cisplatin [3]. Cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)] is one of the most widely employed drugs in cancer chemotherapy, discovered moreRenal and Hepatic Toxicity of a Gold (III) CompoundMaterials and MethodsThis study was carried out in Pathology Department, College of Medicine, University of Dammam in 2010?011. It was compartmentalized into two segments comprising acute toxicity and subacute toxicity studies. For both segments, Albino Wistar male rats (n = 42), weighing 200?50 gram were obtained from the College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. They were placed in an animal house under standardized conditions, fed standard chow and exposed to an optimized environment one week before the start of the experiment.Figure 1. Dichlorido(ethylenediamine)-aurate(III) ion. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051889.gthan 40 years ago [13], and it became the first FDA-approved platinum anticancer compound in 1978 [19]. Its effectiveness in solid tumoral lesions is markedly hampered by severe toxic side effects comprising predominantly nephrotoxicity [20,21], development of tumor resistance[22?5] and occurrence of secondary malignancies [3,12,14] that contributes a high treatment failure ratio in clinical management. Current studies aim towards designing newer compounds showing 370-86-5 enhanced anti-proliferative potential and less associated toxicity than cisplatin. In this regards, gold (III) complexes with various ligands like Au , Au or Au bonds are being extensively investigated for their bioactivities as antiproliferative agents [26] and simultaneously new combinations of complexes are being developed. Milovanovic et al have studied the cytotoxicity studies of [Au(en)Cl2]+ and [Au(SMC)Cl2]+ where SMC = Smethyl-L-cysteine and [Au(DMSO)2Cl2]+ (DMSO = dimethyl sulphoxide). They concluded that gold (III) complexes are much faster to react with nucleophiles compare to Pt(II) complexes. They also demonstrated that gold (III) complexes exhibit relevant cytotoxic properties when tested on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL). This conclusion indicates that gold(III) complexes have good potential for the treatment of cancer. In addition [Au(en)Cl2]+ complex shows cytotoxicity profiles comparable to cisplatin [27]. This study has led us to investigate further the conclusion achieved by the in vitro studies of Milovanovic et al [27]. The title compound is a newly developed gold (III) compound [Au(en)Cl2]Cl, gold complexed with N-substituted ethylenediamine. (Fig.1). It has been prepared and fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as UV is, Far-IR, IR spectroscopy, solution, Xray and solid NMR. The solution NMR was measured in D2O, implicating that it is water soluble [28,29]. In the current study we evaluated the histopathological toxicity of this compound in renal and hepatic tissues of rats.Acute Toxicity StudyIn acute toxicity, 5 groups of rats (A/I-E/I), with each 12926553 group comprising 5 animals, were administered gold compound intraperitoneally in doses of 150.Rent ligands attached to gold in the oxidation states +1 or +3, that is gold (I) and gold (III) compounds [15,16]. Gold (I) complexes proved to be unsuitable for clinical practice due to accompanying cardiotoxicity [17,18], while studies on gold (III) complexes are comparatively scarce [8]. Gold (III) bears homology to cisplatin as it is isoelectronic with platinum (II) and tetracoordinate gold (III) complexes have the same square-planar geometries as cisplatin [3]. Cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)] is one of the most widely employed drugs in cancer chemotherapy, discovered moreRenal and Hepatic Toxicity of a Gold (III) CompoundMaterials and MethodsThis study was carried out in Pathology Department, College of Medicine, University of Dammam in 2010?011. It was compartmentalized into two segments comprising acute toxicity and subacute toxicity studies. For both segments, Albino Wistar male rats (n = 42), weighing 200?50 gram were obtained from the College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. They were placed in an animal house under standardized conditions, fed standard chow and exposed to an optimized environment one week before the start of the experiment.Figure 1. Dichlorido(ethylenediamine)-aurate(III) ion. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051889.gthan 40 years ago [13], and it became the first FDA-approved platinum anticancer compound in 1978 [19]. Its effectiveness in solid tumoral lesions is markedly hampered by severe toxic side effects comprising predominantly nephrotoxicity [20,21], development of tumor resistance[22?5] and occurrence of secondary malignancies [3,12,14] that contributes a high treatment failure ratio in clinical management. Current studies aim towards designing newer compounds showing enhanced anti-proliferative potential and less associated toxicity than cisplatin. In this regards, gold (III) complexes with various ligands like Au , Au or Au bonds are being extensively investigated for their bioactivities as antiproliferative agents [26] and simultaneously new combinations of complexes are being developed. Milovanovic et al have studied the cytotoxicity studies of [Au(en)Cl2]+ and [Au(SMC)Cl2]+ where SMC = Smethyl-L-cysteine and [Au(DMSO)2Cl2]+ (DMSO = dimethyl sulphoxide). They concluded that gold (III) complexes are much faster to react with nucleophiles compare to Pt(II) complexes. They also demonstrated that gold (III) complexes exhibit relevant cytotoxic properties when tested on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL). This conclusion indicates that gold(III) complexes have good potential for the treatment of cancer. In addition [Au(en)Cl2]+ complex shows cytotoxicity profiles comparable to cisplatin [27]. This study has led us to investigate further the conclusion achieved by the in vitro studies of Milovanovic et al [27]. The title compound is a newly developed gold (III) compound [Au(en)Cl2]Cl, gold complexed with N-substituted ethylenediamine. (Fig.1). It has been prepared and fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as UV is, Far-IR, IR spectroscopy, solution, Xray and solid NMR. The solution NMR was measured in D2O, implicating that it is water soluble [28,29]. In the current study we evaluated the histopathological toxicity of this compound in renal and hepatic tissues of rats.Acute Toxicity StudyIn acute toxicity, 5 groups of rats (A/I-E/I), with each 12926553 group comprising 5 animals, were administered gold compound intraperitoneally in doses of 150.
