-High asthma had higher levels of IL-5 (p0.05), IL-13 (p0.05), IL-16 (p0.05), and PDGF-bb (p0.05), but identical % neutrophils, IL-8, other cytokines (information not shown), and FEV1 (Fig three). By contrast, compared to Neu-Normal asthma, Neu-High asthma had greater IL-8 levels (p0.01) and lower 
% predicted FEV1 (p0.01), but similar levels of IQ1 cost eosinophil %, IL-5, IL-13, IL-16, and PDGF-bb (Fig four) along with other cytokines and chemokines (data not shown). These results also indicate an association of NeuHigh asthma with IL-8 and % FEV1.
Correlation of FEV1 to eosinophil, neutrophil, IL-5 and IL-8 levels in asthma. (A) Percentages of neutrophils and concentrations of IL-8 in BAL fluids of subjects with controlled asthma and uncontrolled asthma. (B) Correlations of concentrations of IL-8 together with the percentages of neutrophils inside the BAL fluid from all subjects with asthma (left panel). Correlation of percentages of neutrophils and concentrations of IL-8 in BAL fluid with % predicted FEV1 (middle and right panels, respectively). (C) Correlation of concentrations of IL-5 together with the percentages of eosinophil within the BAL fluid from all subjects with asthma (left panel). Correlation of percentages of eosinophils and concentrations of IL-5 in BAL fluid with % predicted FEV1 (middle and proper panels, respectively). Cell and cytokine profile of eosinophil-high (Eos-High) asthma and eosinophil-normal (Eos-Normal) asthma. The upper limit of % of eosinophils within the BAL fluid of healthier subjects was 0.3%. We separated all subjects with asthma into either eosinophil-high (eosinophils 0.3%) and eosinophil-normal (eosinophils0.3%) groups. When compared with Eos-Normal asthma, Eos-High asthma had higher levels of IL-5 (p0.05), IL-13 (p0.05), IL-16 (p0.05), and PDGF-bb (p0.05), but similar % neutrophils, IL-8, and FEV1.
Cell and cytokine profile of neutrophil-high (Neu-High) asthma and neutrophil-normal (Neu-Normal) asthma. The upper limit of percent of neutrophils inside the BAL fluid of wholesome subjects was 2.4%. We separated all subjects with asthma into neutrophil-high (neutrophils% 2.4%), and neutrophilnormal (neutrophil2.4%) groups. When compared with Neu-Normal asthma, Neu-High asthma had higher IL-8 levels (p0.01) and lower % predicted FEV1 (p0.01), but related levels of eosinophil %, IL-5, IL-13, IL-16, and PDGF-bb.The estimated predictive equation for the presence of asthma utilizing logistic regression was: Logit (Present (asthma)) = -3.85 + 0.0033 (IL-8) + 2.77 (% eosinophils) (p = 0.05 and 0.09, respectively). The accuracy of this model was 84%, with 89% sensitivity and 75% specificity. The predictive equation for FEV1% predicted in asthma was 103.023 (IL-8) + 0.040 (IL-1). The R2 for this model was 0.34 (p = 0.0037 and 0.06, respectively). Atopy had no significant effect.
Prior research have mainly measured candidate cytokines, and reported increased levels of IL-8 and neutrophils within the sputum in extreme asthma [7]. Our study of the BAL fluid supplies this precise facts by demonstrating that IL-8 could be the only cytokine among 48 measured that is significantly elevated in uncontrolled asthma. The larger BAL fluid IL-8 levels in uncontrolled asthma seen in our study could reflect persistent stimulation of IL-8 secretion by chronic stimulation from the nuclear factor-B signaling pathway following exposure to environemantal element [19], or intrinsic differences 16014680 within the capacity of uncontrolled asthma patients’ airway epithelium to generate higher amounts of IL-8 [20]. Also to it
